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K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I
K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I (), also known as Ruler 1, was an ''ajaw'' of Piedras Negras, an ancient Maya settlement in Guatemala. He ruled during the Late Classic Period, from 603–639 AD. It has been proposed that he began a new dynasty at Piedras Negras, following years of ineffective kings. The manner in which K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I came to power is largely unknown, although it is known that he waged several successful wars against Palenque and Sak Tz'i'. He was succeeded by his son, Itzam K'an Ahk I, in 639 AD. K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I left behind several monuments, including stelae at Piedras Negras and a large mortuary temple now known as Pyramid R-5.
==Biography==
K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I, also known as Ruler 1, was an ''ajaw'' of Piedras Negras in the 7th century AD.〔Witschey & Brown 2012, p. 247.〕 According to Mayanists Simon Martin and Nikolai Grube, the ruler's name means "Great-Sun ?-Turtle". His name was later taken by his eventual successors, K'inich Yo'nal Ahk II and Yo'nal Ahk III. The title ''k'inich'' translates to "red-faced", and is a reference to the settlement's rulers' belief that they were lords of the sun.〔O'Neil 2014, p. 9.〕 He ascended to the throne on November 14, 603 AD (9.8.10.6.16 10 Kib 9 Mak in the Long Count), although the exact details surrounding his rise to power are unknown.〔〔Sharer & Traxler 2005, p. 425.〕 Mayanists Stephen D. Houston and Charles Golden have proposed the theory that he refounded the ruling dynasty at Piedras Negras in the wake of a disaster that had ruined previous rulers of the site.〔Sharer & Traxler 2005, p. 423.〕
K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I destroyed older buildings and monuments at Piedras Negras that were associated with older kings, seemingly to cleanse the center of their connection with these "discredited" rulers. This period of destruction—which focused heavily on structures in and around the West Group of the site, and the acropolis—has left behind tell-tale clues, such as offerings of pottery, jade, and small figures, suggesting that it was heavily ritualized. After this period of destruction, K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I moved his focus to the more ancient South Group, where he began to erect new buildings.〔
During his lifetime, he waged many battles, including notable ones against Palenque and Sak Tz'i'. In the former he captured an ''aj k'uhuun'', or lord, named Ch'ok Balam, and in the latter he captured an ''ajaw'' named K'ab Chan Te'. Palenque was Piedras Negras's main rival in the area, whereas Sak Tz'i' seems to have eventually come under Piedras Negras's control.〔〔 K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I died on February 3, 639 AD (9.10.6.2.1 5 Imix 19 K'ayab) and seems to have been buried at Pyramid R-5. K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I was succeeded by his son, Itzam K'an Ahk I, who later dedicated or re-opened the tomb in 658 AD.〔Martin & Grube 2000, pp. 142–143.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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